Japanese grammar daily dozen

A. Past tense of a Japanese verb –
1. Verb (base TA) or
2. Verb (base II) + mashita

Tabeta – I ate (verb taberu in base TA – tabeta, past tense of eat)
Tabemashita (verb taberu in base II + mashita – tabemashita to have eaten


Base TA + TOKI NI
Past tense when i verbed where when = 24:00hours

1. KANJITA TOKI NI – when I felt it kanjiru in past tense

Base TE + kara – after having verbed

1. Tabete kara aisu kurimu (ice cream) o itadaite mo ii kashira?

Base TA + ra – if you had ‘verb’ed ittara wakaru deshô. If you had gone with us you would know. (but since you didn’t you don’t) used sarcastically.

Base IV + BA – if verb

1. ikeba –if you go (verb iku into base IV ike + ba)

a. tabeba, tabereba, taberu nara, taberu naraba, tabettara, taberu to^ shitara all other ways of saying if I ate

2. asobeba – . . . if I play. . .


Base (tsu)TA + RA = conditional if you were to verb,

ITTARA – supposing you went
ASONDARA – if you were to play
TABETTARA – if you were to eat implying, ‘then what. . . ?’

The (tsu)

Base TA + TOTAN NI
Never used so… as far as I was listening

Base TE + IRU – The Japanese Gerund; in the act of verb-ing, same as adding “ing” to an English verb.

P.F. + n’ ja nai?

P.F. +
P.F + nai n’ ja nai -

Ex. 1. ikanai n’ janai?
Ex. 2. sawaranai n’ janakatta?


P.F. + koto ga dekiru

1. Iku koto ga dekiru yô ni narimashita.

P.F. yo^ ni ~ - to appear as if, to accelerate the process, to corroborate through to see the verb finish,

P.F. + KOTO GA ARU – Have you ever P.F., have you ever p.f.’ed before

P.F. + HO^ GA II DESU

1.

P.F. + TOKI NI – Hawaii shu^ ni itta toki ni o-oyogi wo takusan shita.

Verb (base TA) + HÔ GA II DESU. – You should verb.

However this bunpo goes much deeper than just coming out to mean you should verb. Let’s try this again by putting illustration numbers next to each part of the sentence so that

1. itta hô ga ii deshô

2. tabeta hô ga ii desu. - It’s best to eat or you should eat

a. Meaning you had better eat, or it would be better to eat (than not eat) or you should eat.
You can change the ii for any positive or negative emotive adjective
Just like our next bunpo kawari ni you just place

Noun, adjective no kawari ni – instead of noun, adjective

P.F. + tokoro desu. I’m in that place right now, we are in the middle of (P.F.)ing right now

Japanese: Hideki calls to Hiroko, and asks her,
“Ima, nani shite iru?”
To which she replies,
“Ima? Tabete iru tokoro desu.”

English: We just started eating home-child Or
We are eating right now homie yo wassup! This can be literally translated to give you a good sense of the meaning. Eating place is where we at!

Base TE + mo ii desu. – even though I verb, even if I verb it’s ok, or alright or May I verb?

Base TE + mo ii desu ka? Question form of , “Would it be ok for me to verb?” Although I go to the bathroom would that be Ok? O-te-arai ni itte mo ii desu ka? In other words ,”May I go to the bathroom?”

Japanese honorific grammar taster

Chart89: Humble and exalted verbs in Japanese. Good points to ponder in Japanese grammar

Verbs

iru - v. to be
oru - v. to be
irassharu -v.to be

For the following irregular honorific verbs the order of display for each verb expression set will be -

Exalted
Humble
Spoken

irasshaimasu,
orimasu,
oraremasu

aru arimasu
gozaru gozaimasu

kuru - v. to come
irrasharu irrashaimasu
mairu , mairimasu *mighty mouse*

suru - v. to do
nasaru
itasui tashimasu
nasaimasu,

ossharu mosu osshaimasu, moshimasu
(long o for mosu and moshimasu)

Ex 1. What’s your name? or What name do you go by or literally what are you honorifically called? Nan to osshaimasu ka?

Ex. 2. Welcome! (on entering a store etc.)
IRASSHAIMASE!

Ex. 3. Is the most honorable Mr. Tanaka home?
Tanaka San wa oraremasu ka?

100 Japanese words for study and translation

Here is a list of words with some of the Japanese translations given-
For the following that are not filled in, print this page out and fill in the blanks then go HERE for the answers. Without words what good is a language. Would there be a grammar without words in a language?

1. 1st - ichiban
2. After - 後 ato;nochi;go
3. Again-mata, futatabi
4. All - すべて subete,zenbu
5. mostly - hotondo ni
6. Also
7. Always - itsumo
8. And - soushite,ya
9. Because
10. Before - 前 mae, mae ni
11. Big - okii
12. But - shikashi
13. (I) can -dekiru
14. (I) come -kuru
15. Either/or -dochira ka
16. (I) find
17. First - 最初 saisho
18. For
19. Friend- 友人 tomodachi
20. From - から kara
21. (I) go -行く iku
22. Good - よい yoi
23. Good-bye
24. Happy-幸せ shiawase
25. (I) have,motsu
26. He - 彼 kare
27. Hello- こんにちは konnichiwa
28. Here-koko
29. How
30. I-watakushi
31. (I) am
32. If-moshi
33. In-naka ni
34. (I) know -知っている shitte iru
35. Last - 最後 saigo
36. (I) like -好 suki
37. a little -少し, sukoshi chisai
38. (I) love - 愛 ai suru
39. (I) make -作る tsukuru
40. Many -takusan
41. One-htotsu
42. More-motto
43. Most-
44. Much-takusan
45. My-watakushi no
46. New -新しい atarashii
47. No-iie
48. Not-dewa nai
49. Now-ima
50. Of
51. Often-tama ni
52. On-ue
53. One - ippon
54. Only- dake
55. Or - ka
56. Other -他 hoka no
57. Our -watakushi tachi no
58. Out - soto
59. Over - owari
60. People -人々 hitobito
61. Place - 所 tokoro
62. Please - o negai shimasu
63. Same - 同じ onaji
64. (I) see, to see -見る, (naruhodo)
65. She -彼女 kanojo
66. So
67. Some
68. Sometimes
69. Still
70. Such
71. (I) tell - iu
72. Thank you-domo arigatou gozaimasu
73. That - それ sore
74. The 75. Their -karera no
76. Them
77. Then
78. There is
79. They
80. Thing
81. (I)think so omou
82. This -kore
83. Time -時間 jikan
84. To - ni
85. Under -下 shita
86. Up -上 ue
87. Us - 私達 watakushi tachi
88. (I) use -tsukau
89. Very -tottemo
90. We
91. What
92. When
93. Where
94. Which
95. Who
96. Why - なぜ naze
97. With -to
98. Yes - はい hai
99. You -anata 100. Your anata no